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ROYAL DUTCH SHELL PLC - Royal Dutch Shell Plc 1st Quarter 2018 Unaudited Results

ROYAL DUTCH SHELL PLC - Royal Dutch Shell Plc 1st Quarter 2018 Unaudited Results

PR Newswire

ROYAL DUTCH SHELL PLC

1ST QUARTER 2018 UNAUDITED RESULTS

SUMMARY OF UNAUDITED RESULTS
$ millionQuarters
DefinitionQ1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017%1
Income/(loss) attributable to shareholders5,8993,8073,538+67
CCS earnings attributable to shareholdersNote 25,7033,0823,381+69
Of which: Identified itemsA381(1,221)(373)
CCS earnings attributable to shareholders excluding identified items5,3224,3033,754+42
Add: CCS earnings attributable to non-controlling interest12194109
CCS earnings excluding identified items5,4434,3973,863+41
Of which:
Integrated Gas2,4391,6361,181
Upstream1,5511,650540
Downstream1,6871,3962,489
Corporate(234)(285)(347)
Cash flow from operating activities9,4277,2759,508-1
Cash flow from investing activities(4,249)(665)(4,324)
Free cash flowH5,1786,6105,184
Basic earnings per share ($)0.710.460.43+65
Basic CCS earnings per share ($)B0.690.370.41+68
Basic CCS earnings per share excl. identified items ($)0.640.520.46+39
Dividend per share ($)0.470.470.47-
  1. Q1 on Q1 change.

Compared with the first quarter 2017, CCS earnings attributable to shareholders excluding identified items increased by $1.6 billion, mainly driven by higher contributions from Integrated Gas and Upstream, partly offset by lower earnings in Downstream.

Cash flow from operating activities for the first quarter 2018 was $9.4 billion, which included negative working capital movements of $0.9 billion, compared with $9.5 billion in the first quarter 2017, which included negative working capital movements of $1.6 billion[i].

Total dividends distributed to shareholders in the quarter were $4.0 billion.

Royal Dutch Shell Chief Executive Officer Ben van Beurden commented: "Shell's strong earnings this quarter were underpinned by higher oil and gas prices, the continued growth and very good performance of our Integrated Gas business, and improved profitability in our Upstream business. Less favourable refining market conditions and lower contributions from trading impacted the earnings of our Downstream business.

We continue to upgrade our portfolio through performance improvement, new projects, divestments and the development of new businesses. Competitiveness and resilience - now and through the energy transition - are key features of our world-class investment case.

We have a strong financial framework. Our commitment to capital discipline is unchanged, we are making good progress with our $30 billion divestment programme and our outlook for free cash flow - which covered our cash dividend and interest this quarter and over the last year - is consistent with our intent to buy back at least $25 billion of our shares over the period 2018-2020."

[i] Revised from negative working capital movements of $1.8 billion. See Note 7 and Definition I.

ADDITIONAL PERFORMANCE MEASURES
$ millionQuarters
DefinitionQ1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017 %1
Capital investmentC5,1836,7784,720
DivestmentsD1,2886,47429
Total production available for sale (thousand boe/d)3,8393,7563,752+2
Global liquids realised price ($/b)60.6655.2848.36+25
Global natural gas realised price ($/thousand scf)4.864.404.29+13
Operating expensesG9,7199,7769,282+5
Underlying operating expensesG9,7869,8399,181+7
ROACEE6.4%5.8%4.0%
ROACE (CCS basis excluding identified items)E6.0%5.6%3.3%
Gearing2F24.7%25.0%28.3%
  1. Q1 on Q1 change.
  2. With effect from 2018, the net debt calculation has been amended (see Definition F). Gearing as previously published at December 31, 2017, and at March 31, 2017, was 24.8% and 27.2% respectively.

Changes to the Interim Financial Statements are described in Notes 1, 6 and 7, while revised definitions are explained in Definitions A, F and I.

Supplementary financial and operational disclosure for this quarter is available at www.shell.com/investor.

FIRST QUARTER 2018 PORTFOLIO DEVELOPMENTS

Integrated Gas

During the quarter, Shell announced the sale of its shares in Shell entities in New Zealand to OMV for $578 million.

Upstream

During the quarter, Shell announced one of its largest US Gulf of Mexico exploration finds in the past decade from the Whale deep-water well (Shell share 60%). The discovery is under evaluation.

In the deep-water bid round in Mexico in January for the Gulf of Mexico, Shell won four exploration blocks on its own, four with its partner Qatar Petroleum and one with its partner Pemex Exploración y Producción. Shell will be the operator of all nine blocks.

Shell won four additional deep-water exploration blocks in Brazil, one block on its own, and three in joint bids with Chevron, Petrobras and Galp. Shell will be the operator of two blocks.

In March, the Dutch cabinet decided to reduce NAM's production (Shell interest 50%) from the Groningen field to zero by 2030. It is expected that this decision, if fully implemented, will reduce Shell's proved reserves by an estimated 0.5 to 0.65 billion boe in 2018.

In March, Shell completed the sale of its 19.6% interest in the West Qurna 1 oil field in Iraq to Itochu Corporation. Divestments completed in the quarter totalled $574 million.

In April, Shell announced a final investment decision to develop the Vito deep-water field in the US Gulf of Mexico. Vito (Shell interest 63.1%) is expected to reach an average peak production of 100 thousand boe/d.

Downstream

During the quarter, Shell Midstream Partners, L.P., sold approximately 36 million common units for total gross proceeds of $980 million. Gross proceeds from the public offering were $680 million with $300 million from a private offering with Shell Midstream LP Holdings LLC.

In April, Shell signed an agreement to sell its Downstream business in Argentina to Raízen. The sale includes the Buenos Aires refinery, around 645 retail stations, the global commercial businesses, as well as supply and distribution activities in the country. The businesses acquired by Raízen will continue the relationship with Shell through various commercial agreements.

PERFORMANCE BY SEGMENT

INTEGRATED GAS
$ millionQuarters
Q1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017%1
Segment earnings2,3918481,822+31
Of which: Identified items (Definition A)(48)(788)641
Earnings excluding identified items2,4391,6361,181+107
Cash flow from operating activities2,5618231,951+31
Capital investment (Definition C)1,3111,043805+63
Liquids production available for sale (thousand b/d)212229169+25
Natural gas production available for sale (million scf/d)4,4074,3643,317+33
Total production available for sale (thousand boe/d)972981741+31
LNG liquefaction volumes (million tonnes)8.908.528.18+9
LNG sales volumes (million tonnes)18.5817.1515.84+17
  1. Q1 on Q1 change.

First quarter identified items primarily reflected an impairment charge of $50 million, a loss on fair value accounting of commodity derivatives of $30 million, and a charge of $26 million related to the impact of the weakening of the Australian dollar on a deferred tax position. Identified items also included a gain of $54 million from a deferred tax adjustment.

Compared with the first quarter 2017, Integrated Gas earnings excluding identified items benefited from increased contributions from trading, higher volumes and higher realised oil, gas and LNG prices. This more than offset the impact of higher operating expenses.

Cash flow from operating activities increased compared with the same quarter a year ago as a result of higher earnings, partly offset by increased cash margining on derivatives. Cash flow from operating activities included negative working capital movements of $384 million, compared with negative movements of $405 million[ii] in the same quarter a year ago.

Compared with the first quarter 2017, total production increased by 31%, mainly due to higher volumes from Pearl GTL and Gorgon. Despite the Woodside divestment that was completed in the fourth quarter 2017, LNG liquefaction volumes increased by 9% compared with the first quarter 2017, mainly due to higher volumes from Gorgon and increased feedgas supply across the portfolio.

[ii] Revised from negative working capital movements of $590 million. See Note 7 and Definition I.

UPSTREAM
$ millionQuarters
Q1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017%1
Segment earnings1,8542,050(530)+450
Of which: Identified items (Definition A)303400(1,070)
Earnings excluding identified items1,5511,650540+187
Cash flow from operating activities3,5563,7653,849-8
Capital investment (Definition C)2,4793,4852,854-13
Liquids production available for sale (thousand b/d)1,5731,5421,697-7
Natural gas production available for sale (million scf/d)7,5057,1547,618-1
Total production available for sale (thousand boe/d)2,8672,7753,011-5
  1. Q1 on Q1 change.

First quarter identified items primarily reflected a total net gain on sale of assets of $606 million, mainly related to the divestments of Shell's interests in the West Qurna 1 field in Iraq and North Sabah in Malaysia. In addition, as a result of the Dutch cabinet's decision to reduce production from the Groningen field to zero by 2030, Shell's joint venture NAM impaired the Groningen asset. Consequently, Shell's share of results of the NAM joint venture for the first quarter included an impairment of $244 million, resulting in Shell's net investment in NAM now being fully written down to zero. Other impairments totalled $70 million.

Compared with the first quarter 2017, Upstream earnings excluding identified items benefited from higher realised oil and gas prices as well as lower depreciation. This more than offset the impact of lower volumes.

Despite higher earnings, cash flow from operating activities decreased as a result of higher tax payments, portfolio impacts and lower dividends received compared with the same quarter a year ago. Cash flow from operating activities included negative working capital movements of $830 million, compared with negative movements of $671 million[iii] in the first quarter 2017.

First quarter production decreased by 5%, compared with the same quarter a year ago, mainly due to the divestments of a package of assets in the UK North Sea, oil sands interests in Canada and onshore assets in Gabon, partly offset by new fields ramping-up. Excluding portfolio impacts, production was 4% higher than in the same quarter a year ago.

[iii] Revised from negative working capital movements of $803 million. See Note 7 and Definition I.

DOWNSTREAM
$ millionQuarters
Q1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017%1
Segment earnings21,8061,1162,580-30
Of which: Identified items (Definition A)119(280)91
Earnings excluding identified items21,6871,3962,489-32
Of which:
Oil Products1,0028841,653-39
Refining & Trading6296715-91
Marketing940788938-
Chemicals685512836-18
Cash flow from operating activities3,1072,6493,705-16
Capital investment (Definition C)1,3692,2081,046+31
Refinery processing intake (thousand b/d)2,6372,5892,630-
Oil products sales volumes (thousand b/d)6,7856,8616,508+4
Chemicals sales volumes (thousand tonnes)4,5144,6884,546-1
  1. Q1 on Q1 change.
  2. Earnings are presented on a CCS basis (See Note 2).

First quarter identified items primarily reflected a gain on fair value accounting of commodity derivatives of $66 million, as well as a gain of $57 million related to deferred tax remeasurements in non-operated ventures, partly offset by impairments of $37 million.

Compared with the first quarter 2017, Downstream earnings excluding identified items reflected lower contributions from trading, adverse exchange rate effects, as well as weaker refining industry conditions.

Cash flow from operating activities reflected decreased earnings and included negative working capital movements of $29 million, compared with negative movements of $368 million[iv] in the same quarter a year ago.

Oil Products

Refining & Trading earnings excluding identified items reflected lower contributions from trading and weaker refining industry conditions, compared with the first quarter 2017. Earnings also decreased as a result of portfolio impacts.

Refinery availability decreased to 92% compared with 94% in the first quarter 2017, mainly due to additional planned maintenance.

Marketing earnings excluding identified items were at the same level as in the first quarter 2017.

Compared with the first quarter 2017, Oil Products sales volumes were higher due to increased trading volumes.

Chemicals

Chemicals earnings excluding identified items reflected less favourable industry conditions, higher operating expenses and adverse exchange rate effects.

Chemicals manufacturing plant availability increased to 94% from 93% in the first quarter 2017, mainly reflecting lower planned maintenance.

[iv] Revised from negative working capital movements of $221 million. See Note 7 and Definition I.

CORPORATE
$ millionQuarters
Q1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017
Segment earnings(227)(838)(410)
Of which: Identified items (Definition A)7(553)(63)
Earnings excluding identified items(234)(285)(347)
Cash flow from operating activities203383

First quarter identified items mainly reflected a small tax credit related to the impact of the weakening Brazilian real on deferred tax positions related to financing of the Upstream business.

Compared with the first quarter 2017, Corporate earnings excluding identified items benefited from lower net interest expense, partly offset by lower currency exchange gains.

OUTLOOK FOR THE SECOND QUARTER 2018

Compared with the second quarter 2017, Integrated Gas production is expected to be 140 to 160 thousand boe/d higher. This is mainly due to lower maintenance. LNG liquefaction volumes are expected to be at a similar level.

Compared with the second quarter 2017, Upstream production is expected to be 230 to 260 thousand boe/d lower. This is mainly due to portfolio impacts, higher maintenance, lower production at NAM in the Netherlands and field decline more than offsetting project start-ups.

Refinery availability is expected to decrease in the second quarter 2018 compared with the same period a year ago as a result of higher maintenance.

Oil products sales volumes are expected to increase by some 70 thousand boe/d compared with the same period a year ago as a result of the separation of Motiva assets, partly offset by completed divestments.

Chemicals availability is expected to increase in the second quarter 2018 as a result of lower maintenance compared with the same period a year ago.

Corporate earnings excluding identified items are expected to be a net charge of $300 - 350 million in the second quarter and a net charge of around $1.4 - 1.6 billion for the full year 2018. This excludes the impact of currency exchange rate effects and interest rate movements.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
$ millionQuarters
Q1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017
Revenue189,23585,42271,796
Share of profit of joint ventures and associates1,0391,0341,198
Interest and other income8401,668317
Total revenue and other income91,11488,12473,311
Purchases66,52864,09551,266
Production and manufacturing expenses6,9236,5636,658
Selling, distribution and administrative expenses2,5882,9532,412
Research and development208260212
Exploration230921443
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation5,3345,7967,838
Interest expense9369841,112
Total expenditure82,74781,57269,941
Income/(loss) before taxation8,3676,5523,370
Taxation charge/(credit)22,3362,615(274)
Income/(loss) for the period16,0313,9373,644
Income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interest132130106
Income/(loss) attributable to Royal Dutch Shell plc shareholders5,8993,8073,538
Basic earnings per share ($)30.710.460.43
Diluted earnings per share ($)30.700.460.43
  1. See Note 2 "Segment information".
  2. Fourth quarter 2017 included a charge of $2,014 million primarily related to a remeasurement of deferred tax positions following the US tax reform legislation.
  3. See Note 3 "Earnings per share".

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
$ millionQuarters
Q1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017
Income/(loss) for the period6,0313,9373,644
Other comprehensive income/(loss) net of tax:
Items that may be reclassified to income in later periods:
- Currency translation differences4643551,222
- Unrealised gains/(losses) on securities1-258129
- Debt instruments remeasurements1(12)--
- Cash flow hedging gains/(losses)(68)(484)88
- Deferred cost of hedging1(93)--
- Share of other comprehensive income/(loss) of joint ventures and associates224660
Total3131751,499
Items that are not reclassified to income in later periods:
- Retirement benefits remeasurements1,282(2,056)1,753
- Equity instruments remeasurements1(418)--
- Share of other comprehensive income/(loss) of joint ventures and associates1--
Total865(2,056)1,753
Other comprehensive income/(loss) for the period1,178(1,881)3,252
Comprehensive income/(loss) for the period7,2092,0566,896
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interest93133116
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Royal Dutch Shell plc shareholders7,1161,9236,780
  1. See Note 1 "Basis of preparation" regarding IFRS 9 Financial Instruments.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
$ million
Mar 31, 2018Dec 31, 2017
Assets
Non-current assets
Intangible assets24,31224,180
Property, plant and equipment226,328226,380
Joint ventures and associates28,85227,927
Investments in securities7,0237,222
Deferred tax13,24713,791
Retirement benefits3,2562,799
Trade and other receivables8,3718,475
Derivative financial instruments11,284919
312,673311,693
Current assets
Inventories25,01425,223
Trade and other receivables45,07144,565
Derivative financial instruments16,0345,304
Cash and cash equivalents21,92720,312
98,04695,404
Total assets410,719407,097
Liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Debt73,63073,870
Trade and other payables3,1313,447
Derivative financial instruments1883981
Deferred tax13,13113,007
Retirement benefits12,31913,247
Decommissioning and other provisions24,72324,966
127,817129,518
Current liabilities
Debt14,39211,795
Trade and other payables49,40551,410
Derivative financial instruments15,2835,253
Taxes payable8,6577,250
Retirement benefits454594
Decommissioning and other provisions3,3983,465
81,58979,767
Total liabilities209,406209,285
Equity attributable to Royal Dutch Shell plc shareholders197,331194,356
Non-controlling interest3,9823,456
Total equity201,313197,812
Total liabilities and equity410,719407,097
  1. See Note 6 "Derivative financial instruments and debt excluding finance lease liabilities".



CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
Equity attributable to Royal Dutch Shell plc shareholders
$ millionShare capital1Shares
held in
trust
Other reserves2Retained earningsTotalNon-
controlling
interest
Total
equity
At January 1, 2018 (as previously published)696(917)16,932177,645194,3563,456197,812
Impact of IFRS 9 3--(138)88(50)-(50)
At January 1, 2018 (as revised)696(917)16,794177,733194,3063,456197,762
Comprehensive income/(loss)
for the period
--1,2175,8997,116937,209
Transfer from other comprehensive income--(37)37---
Dividends---(3,971)(3,971)(208)(4,179)
Share-based compensation4-(119)(238)191(166)-(166)
Other changes in
non-controlling interest
---4646641687
At March 31, 2018696(1,036)17,736179,935197,3313,982201,313
At January 1, 2017683(901)11,298175,566186,6461,865188,511
Comprehensive income/(loss)
for the period
--3,2423,5386,7801166,896
Dividends---(3,903)(3,903)(31)(3,934)
Scrip dividends4-(4)1,2491,249-1,249
Share-based compensation-557(510)(1)46-46
Other changes in
non-controlling interest
---(1)(1)(14)(15)
At March 31, 2017687(344)14,026176,448190,8171,936192,753
  1. See Note 4 "Share capital".
  2. See Note 5 "Other reserves".
  3. See Note 1 "Basis of preparation".
  4. The amendments to IFRS 2 Share-based Payment became effective January 1, 2018. Following adoption of the amendments, components of share-based payments that were previously classified as cash-settled are now classified as equity-settled. This resulted in an increase of $172 million in the share plan reserve within other reserves and a net increase of $125 million in retained earnings.


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
$ millionQuarters
Q1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017
Income/(loss) for the period6,0313,9373,644
Adjustment for:
- Current tax2,1691,4671,882
- Interest expense (net)737817952
- Depreciation, depletion and amortisation5,3345,7967,838
- Exploration well write-offs1109541284
- Net (gains)/losses on sale and revaluation of non-current assets and businesses(607)(1,319)70
- Share of (profit)/loss of joint ventures and associates(1,039)(1,034)(1,198)
- Dividends received from joint ventures and associates7501,647776
- (Increase)/decrease in inventories281(1,368)266
- (Increase)/decrease in current receivables1(683)(2,544)721
- Increase/(decrease) in current payables1(484)2,040(2,552)
- Derivative financial instruments1(763)(140)49
- Deferred tax, retirement benefits, decommissioning and other provisions1(51)167(2,143)
- Other112(367)9
Tax paid(2,369)(2,365)(1,090)
Cash flow from operating activities9,4277,2759,508
Capital expenditure(4,789)(5,861)(4,306)
Investments in joint ventures and associates(415)(202)(194)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment and businesses7472,866122
Proceeds from sale of joint ventures and associates212211
Interest received156157123
Other312,154(70)
Cash flow from investing activities(4,249)(665)(4,324)
Net increase/(decrease) in debt with maturity period
within three months
2,707543(290)
Other debt:
- New borrowings241120364
- Repayments(1,390)(4,103)(1,322)
Interest paid(889)(840)(850)
Change in non-controlling interest67462
Cash dividends paid to:
- Royal Dutch Shell plc shareholders(3,971)(2,266)(2,654)
- Non-controlling interest(124)(97)(31)
Repurchases of shares---
Shares held in trust: net sales/(purchases) and dividends received(894)(443)(60)
Cash flow from financing activities(3,646)(7,080)(4,841)
Currency translation differences relating to cash and
cash equivalents
8383122
Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents1,615(387)465
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period20,31220,69919,130
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period21,92720,31219,595
  1. Prior period comparatives within Cash flow from operating activities have been revised to conform with current year presentation. Overall, the revisions do not have an impact on the previously published Cash flow from operating activities. See Note 7 "Change in presentation of Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows".

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Basis of preparation

These unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements ("Interim Statements") of Royal Dutch Shell plc ("the Company") and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as "Shell") have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and as adopted by the European Union, and on the basis of the same accounting principles as those used in the Annual Report and Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2017 (pages 142 to 148) as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, except for the adoption of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments and IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers on January 1, 2018, and should be read in conjunction with that filing.

IFRS 9 sets out the requirements for recognising and measuring financial assets, financial liabilities and certain contracts to buy or sell non-financial items. Furthermore, the standard facilitates use of hedge accounting and also results in different income recognition upon the sale of certain investments in securities. The adoption of IFRS 9 resulted in a decrease of $83 million in equity at January 1, 2018, mainly representing the recognition of additional provisions for impairment of receivables under the expected loss model. In addition, changing the measurement basis from amortised cost to fair value for certain financial assets resulted in an increase of $33 million in equity at January 1, 2018. Furthermore, a reclassification within equity between other reserves and retained earnings, primarily representing deferred cost of hedging, was recognised.

IFRS 15 provides a single model of accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers based on the identification and satisfaction of performance obligations, and revenue from contracts with customers that is distinguished from other sources. Shell has adopted IFRS 15 with effect from January 1, 2018, and has elected to apply the modified retrospective transition approach. Although IFRS 15 does not generally represent a change from Shell's current practice, the accounting for certain contracts, such as those with provisional pricing or take-or-pay arrangements, and underlifts and overlifts, has been identified as an area of change. However, these do not have a significant effect on Shell's accounting or disclosures, and therefore no transition adjustment is presented.

The financial information presented in the Interim Statements does not constitute statutory accounts within the meaning of section 434(3) of the Companies Act 2006 ("the Act"). Statutory accounts for the year ended December 31, 2017 were published in Shell's Annual Report and Form 20-F and a copy was delivered to the Registrar of Companies for England and Wales. The auditor's report on those accounts was unqualified, did not include a reference to any matters to which the auditor drew attention by way of emphasis without qualifying the report and did not contain a statement under sections 498(2) or 498(3) of the Act.

2. Segment information

Segment earnings are presented on a current cost of supplies basis (CCS earnings), which is the earnings measure used by the Chief Executive Officer for the purposes of making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance. On this basis, the purchase price of volumes sold during the period is based on the current cost of supplies during the same period after making allowance for the tax effect. CCS earnings therefore exclude the effect of changes in the oil price on inventory carrying amounts. Sales between segments are based on prices generally equivalent to commercially available prices.

INFORMATION BY SEGMENT
$ millionQuarters
Q1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017
Third-party revenue
Integrated Gas10,7218,2058,419
Upstream2,5722,6441,609
Downstream75,92674,56161,752
Corporate161216
Total third-party revenue189,23585,42271,796
Inter-segment revenue
Integrated Gas1,0881,199805
Upstream8,9048,2588,661
Downstream7941,281726
Corporate---
CCS earnings
Integrated Gas2,3918481,822
Upstream1,8542,050(530)
Downstream1,8061,1162,580
Corporate(227)(838)(410)
Total5,8243,1763,462
  1. First quarter 2018 includes $ 534 million of revenue from sources other than from contracts with customers.
RECONCILIATION OF INCOME FOR THE PERIOD to CCS EARNINGS
$ millionQuarters
Q1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017
Income/(loss) attributable to Royal Dutch Shell plc shareholders5,8993,8073,538
Income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interest132130106
Income/(loss) for the period6,0313,9373,644
Current cost of supplies adjustment:
Purchases(274)(1,022)(217)
Taxation6728760
Share of profit/(loss) of joint ventures and associates-(26)(25)
Current cost of supplies adjustment1(207)(761)(182)
CCS earnings5,8243,1763,462
of which:
CCS earnings attributable to Royal Dutch Shell plc shareholders5,7033,0823,381
CCS earnings attributable to non-controlling interest12194109
  1. The adjustment attributable to Royal Dutch Shell plc shareholders is a negative $196 million in the first quarter 2018 (Q4 2017: negative $725 million; Q1 2017: negative $157 million).

3. Earnings per share

EARNINGS PER SHARE
Quarters
Q1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017
Income/(loss) attributable to Royal Dutch Shell plc shareholders
($ million)
5,8993,8073,538
Weighted average number of shares used as the basis for determining:
Basic earnings per share (million)8,304.68,274.68,154.8
Diluted earnings per share (million)8,377.28,354.58,222.9

4. Share capital

ISSUED AND FULLY PAID ORDINARY SHARES OF €0.07 EACH1
Number of sharesNominal value ($ million)
ABABTotal
At January 1, 20184,597,136,0503,745,486,731387309696
At March 31, 20184,597,136,0503,745,486,731387309696
At January 1, 20174,428,903,8133,745,486,731374309683
Scrip dividends47,791,678-4-4
At March 31, 20174,476,695,4913,745,486,731378309687
  1. Share capital at March 31, 2018 also included 50,000 issued and fully paid sterling deferred shares of £1 each.

At Royal Dutch Shell plc's Annual General Meeting on May 23, 2017, the Board was authorised to allot ordinary shares in Royal Dutch Shell plc, and to grant rights to subscribe for, or to convert, any security into ordinary shares in Royal Dutch Shell plc, up to an aggregate nominal amount of €190 million (representing 2,714 million ordinary shares of €0.07 each), and to list such shares or rights on any stock exchange. This authority expires at the earlier of the close of business on August 23, 2018, and the end of the Annual General Meeting to be held in 2018, unless previously renewed, revoked or varied by Royal Dutch Shell plc in a general meeting.

5. Other reserves

OTHER RESERVES
$ millionMerger
reserve
Share premium reserveCapital redemption reserveShare plan reserveAccumulated other comprehensive incomeTotal
At January 1, 2018 (as previously published)37,298154841,440(22,044)16,932
Impact of IFRS 9----(138)(138)
At January 1, 2018 (as revised)37,298154841,440(22,182)16,794
Other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Royal Dutch Shell plc shareholders----1,2171,217
Transfer from other comprehensive income----(37)(37)
Share-based compensation---(238)-(238)
At March 31, 201837,298154841,202(21,002)17,736
At January 1, 201737,311154841,644(27,895)11,298
Other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Royal Dutch Shell plc shareholders----3,2423,242
Scrip dividends(4)----(4)
Share-based compensation---(510)-(510)
At March 31, 201737,307154841,134(24,653)14,026

The merger reserve and share premium reserve were established as a consequence of Royal Dutch Shell plc becoming the single parent company of Royal Dutch Petroleum Company and The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company, p.l.c., now The Shell Transport and Trading Company Limited, in 2005. The merger reserve increased in 2016 following the issuance of shares for the acquisition of BG Group plc. The capital redemption reserve was established in connection with repurchases of shares of Royal Dutch Shell plc. The share plan reserve is in respect of equity-settled share-based compensation plans.

6. Derivative financial instruments and debt excluding finance lease liabilities

As disclosed in the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, presented in the Annual Report and Form 20-F for that year, Shell is exposed to the risks of changes in fair value of its financial assets and liabilities. The fair values of the financial assets and liabilities are defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair values at March 31, 2018 are consistent with those used in the year ended December 31, 2017, and the carrying amounts of derivative financial instruments measured using predominantly unobservable inputs have not changed materially since that date.

With effect from 2018, current and non-current derivative assets and liabilities are no longer presented as part of "Trade and other receivables" and "Trade and other payables", but separately disclosed on the Balance Sheet to provide more insight.

The table below provides the comparison of the fair value with the carrying amount of debt excluding finance lease liabilities, disclosed in accordance with IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures.

DEBT EXCLUDING FINANCE LEASE LIABILITIES
$ millionMar 31, 2018Dec 31, 2017
Carrying amount73,35070,140
Fair value176,58174,650
  1. Mainly determined from the prices quoted for these securities.

7. Change in presentation of Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

With effect from 2018, the reconciliation from "Income for the period" to "Cash flow from operating activities" has been revised to provide more insight and improve correlation with the Balance Sheet and Statement of Income. "Cash flow from operating activities" itself remains unchanged.

Exploration well write-offs, previously presented under "Other", are shown separately. Changes in current and non-current derivative financial instruments, previously presented under "Decrease/(increase) in working capital" and "Other", are presented under a new line item "Derivative financial instruments". Changes in current retirement benefits and decommissioning provisions, previously included in "Increase/(decrease) in payables", are presented under "Deferred tax, retirement benefits, decommissioning and other provisions", together with changes in non-current balances. The impact of these changes is presented below.

$ millionQuarters
Q1 2017Q2 2017Q3 2017Q4 2017Full year 2017
Working capital movements (as previously published)(1,828)2,258(2,467)(1,121)(3,158)
Impact of working capital definition changes on:
- (Increase)/decrease in current receivables(1,087)(238)1,018(585)(892)
- Increase/(decrease) in current payables1,350444172(166)1,800
Working capital movements (as revised) (I)(1,565)2,464(1,277)(1,872)(2,250)
Cash flow from operating activities excluding working capital movements (as previously published)11,3369,02710,0498,39638,808
Impact of working capital definition changes on:
- Exploration well write-offs2842547541897
- Derivative financial instruments49128(1,076)(140)(1,039)
- Deferred tax, retirement benefits, decommissioning and other provisions(104)(129)(161)12(382)
- Other(492)(230)-338(384)
Cash flow from operating activities excluding working capital movements (as revised) (II)11,0738,8218,8599,14737,900
Cash flow from operating activities (unchanged) (I + II)9,50811,2857,5827,27535,650

DEFINITIONS

A. Identified items

Identified items comprise: divestment gains and losses, impairments, fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts, redundancy and restructuring, the impact of exchange rate movements on certain deferred tax balances, and other items. These items, either individually or collectively, can cause volatility to net income, in some cases driven by external factors, which may hinder the comparative understanding of Shell's financial results from period to period. The impact of identified items on Shell's CCS earnings is shown below.

IDENTIFIED ITEMS
$ millionQuarters
Q1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017
Identified items before tax
- Divestment gains/(losses)6251,220(70)
- Impairments(417)(426)(2,444)
- Fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts66(652)573
- Redundancy and restructuring63(135)(76)
- Other53356(89)
Total identified items before tax390363(2,106)
Tax impact
- Divestment gains/(losses)(10)55267
- Impairments16105919
- Fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts(8)111(69)
- Redundancy and restructuring(16)2831
- Impact of exchange rate movements on tax balances(45)(111)535
- Other54(1,772)22
Total tax impact(9)(1,584)1,705
Identified items after tax
- Divestment gains/(losses)6151,275197
- Impairments(401)(321)(1,525)
- Fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts58(541)504
- Redundancy and restructuring47(107)(45)
- Impact of exchange rate movements on tax balances(45)(111)535
- Other107(1,416)(67)
Impact on CCS earnings381(1,221)(401)
Of which:
Integrated Gas(48)(788)641
Upstream303400(1,070)
Downstream119(280)91
Corporate7(553)(63)
Impact on CCS earnings attributable to non-controlling interest--(28)
Impact on CCS earnings attributable to shareholders381(1,221)(373)

The categories above represent the nature of the items identified irrespective of whether the items relate to Shell subsidiaries or joint ventures and associates. The after-tax impact of identified items of joint ventures and associates is fully reported within "Share of profit of joint ventures and associates" on the Consolidated Statement of Income, and fully reported as "identified items before tax" in the table above. Identified items related to subsidiaries are consolidated and reported across appropriate lines of the Consolidated Statement of Income. Only pre-tax identified items reported by subsidiaries are taken into account in the calculation of "underlying operating expenses" (Definition G).

Fair value accounting of commodity derivatives and certain gas contracts: In the ordinary course of business, Shell enters into contracts to supply or purchase oil and gas products as well as power and environmental products. Derivative contracts are entered into for mitigation of resulting economic exposures (generally price exposure) and these derivative contracts are carried at period-end market price (fair value), with movements in fair value recognised in income for the period. Supply and purchase contracts entered into for operational purposes are, by contrast, recognised when the transaction occurs; furthermore, inventory is carried at historical cost or net realisable value, whichever is lower. As a consequence, accounting mismatches occur because: (a) the supply or purchase transaction is recognised in a different period, or (b) the inventory is measured on a different basis. In addition, certain contracts are, due to pricing or delivery conditions, deemed to contain embedded derivatives or written options and are also required to be carried at fair value even though they are entered into for operational purposes. The accounting impacts are reported as identified items.

Impacts of exchange rate movements on tax balances represent the impact on tax balances of exchange rate movements arising on (a) the conversion to dollars of the local currency tax base of non-monetary assets and liabilities, as well as losses (this primarily impacts the Integrated Gas and Upstream segments) and (b) the conversion of dollar-denominated inter-segment loans to local currency, leading to taxable exchange rate gains or losses (this primarily impacts the Corporate segment).

Other identified items represent other credits or charges Shell's management assesses should be excluded to provide additional insight, such as the impact arising from the US tax reform legislation and certain provisions for onerous contracts or litigation.

B. Basic CCS earnings per share

Basic CCS earnings per share is calculated as CCS earnings attributable to Royal Dutch Shell plc shareholders (see Note 2), divided by the weighted average number of shares used as the basis for basic earnings per share (see Note 3).

C. Capital investment

Capital investment is a measure used to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance. It comprises capital expenditure, new investments in joint ventures and associates, exploration expense excluding well write-offs, new finance leases and investments in Integrated Gas, Upstream and Downstream equity securities, all of which on an accruals basis.

The reconciliation of "Capital expenditure" to "Capital investment" is as follows.

$ millionQuarters
Q1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017
Capital expenditure4,7895,8614,306
Investments in joint ventures and associates415202194
Exploration expense, excluding exploration wells written off122380157
Finance leases18233041
Other1(325)522
Capital investment5,1836,7784,720
Of which:
Integrated Gas1,3111,043805
Upstream2,4793,4852,854
Downstream1,3692,2081,046
Corporate244215
  1. First quarter 2018 includes a payment of $380 million related to a payable position that formed part of the acquisition of Marathon Oil Canada Corporation in Canada in the second quarter 2017.

D. Divestments

Divestments is a measure used to monitor the progress of Shell's divestment programme. This measure comprises proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment and businesses, joint ventures and associates, and other Integrated Gas, Upstream and Downstream investments in equity securities, reported in "Cash flow from investing activities", adjusted onto an accruals basis and for any share consideration received or contingent consideration initially recognised upon the related divestment, as well as proceeds from the sale of interests in entities while retaining control (for example, proceeds from sale of interest in Shell Midstream Partners, L.P.), which are included in "Change in non-controlling interest" within "Cash flow from financing activities".

In future periods, the proceeds from any disposal of shares received as divestment consideration, and proceeds from realisation of contingent consideration, will be included in "Cash flow from investing activities".

The reconciliation of "Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment and businesses" to "Divestments" is as follows.

$ millionQuarters
Q1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment and businesses7472,866122
Proceeds from sale of joint ventures and associates212211
Share and contingent consideration1-217-
Proceeds from sale of interests in entities while retaining control673--
Other2(153)3,170(94)
Divestments1,2886,47429
Of which:
Integrated Gas143,02112
Upstream5743,25417
Downstream700199-
Corporate---
  1. This is valued at the date of the related divestment, instead of when these shares are disposed of or the contingent consideration is realised.
  2. Fourth quarter 2017 includes proceeds of $2,635 million from the sale of shares in Woodside Petroleum Limited.

E. Return on average capital employed

Return on average capital employed (ROACE) measures the efficiency of Shell's utilisation of the capital that it employs. In this calculation, ROACE is defined as income for the current and previous three quarters, adjusted for after-tax interest expense, as a percentage of the average capital employed for the same period. Capital employed consists of total equity, current debt and non-current debt.

$ millionQuarters
Q1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017
Income for current and previous three quarters15,82213,4357,966
Interest expense after tax2,6452,9953,268
Income before interest expense18,46716,43011,234
Capital employed - opening284,382280,988278,887
Capital employed - closing289,335283,477284,382
Capital employed - average286,859282,233281,635
ROACE6.4%5.8%4.0%

Return on average capital employed on a CCS basis excluding identified items is defined as the sum of CCS earnings attributable to shareholders excluding identified items for the current and previous three quarters, as a percentage of the average capital employed for the same period.

$ millionQuarters
Q1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017
CCS earnings excluding identified items17,33215,7649,386
Capital employed - average286,859282,233281,635
ROACE on a CCS basis excluding identified items6.0%5.6%3.3%

F. Gearing

Gearing is a key measure of Shell's capital structure and is defined as net debt as a percentage of total capital. With effect from 2018, the net debt calculation includes the fair value of derivative financial instruments used to hedge foreign exchange and interest rate risks relating to debt, and associated collateral balances. Management believes this amendment is useful, because it reduces the volatility of net debt caused by fluctuations in foreign exchange and interest rates, and eliminates the potential impact of related collateral payments or receipts. Debt-related derivative financial instruments are a subset of the derivative financial instrument assets and liabilities presented on the Balance Sheet. Collateral balances are reported under "Trade and other receivables" or "Trade and other payables" as appropriate. Prior period comparatives have been revised to reflect the change in net debt calculation.

$ millionQuarters
Mar 31, 2018Dec 31, 2017Mar 31, 2017
Current debt14,39211,7958,620
Non-current debt73,63073,87083,009
Total debt188,02285,66591,629
Add: Debt-related derivative financial instruments: net liability/(asset) 2425913,892
Less: Cash and cash equivalents(21,927)(20,312)(19,595)
Net debt66,13765,94475,926
Add: Total equity201,313197,812192,753
Total capital267,450263,756268,679
Gearing324.7%25.0%28.3%
  1. Includes finance lease liabilities of $14,672 million at March 31, 2018, $15,524 million at December 31, 2017, and $14,704 million at March 31, 2017.
  2. There were no collateral balances in the quarters presented.
  3. Gearing as previously published at December 31, 2017, and at March 31, 2017, was 24.8% and 27.2% respectively. Gearing as previously published at December 31, 2016, was 28.0% (29.1% as per revised net debt calculation).

G. Operating expenses

Operating expenses is a measure of Shell's cost management performance, comprising the following items from the Consolidated Statement of Income: production and manufacturing expenses; selling, distribution and administrative expenses; and research and development expenses. Underlying operating expenses measures Shell's total operating expenses performance excluding identified items.

$ millionQuarters
Q1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017
Production and manufacturing expenses6,9236,5636,658
Selling, distribution and administrative expenses2,5882,9532,412
Research and development208260212
Operating expenses9,7199,7769,282
Less identified items:
Redundancy and restructuring charges/(reversal)67(152)(73)
Provisions/(reversal)-215(28)
6763(101)
Underlying operating expenses9,7869,8399,181

H. Free cash flow

Free cash flow is used to evaluate cash available for financing activities, including dividend payments, after investment in maintaining and growing our business. It is defined as the sum of "Cash flow from operating activities" and "Cash flow from investing activities" as shown on page 1.

I. Cash flow from operating activities excluding working capital movements

Working capital movements are defined as the sum of the following items in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows: (i) (increase)/decrease in inventories, (ii) (increase)/decrease in current receivables, and (iii) increase/(decrease) in current payables.

Cash flow from operating activities excluding working capital movements is a measure used by Shell to analyse its operating cash generation over time excluding the timing effects of changes in inventories and operating receivables and payables from period to period.

$ millionQ1 2018Q4 2017Q1 2017
Cash flow from operating activities9,4277,2759,508
- (Increase)/decrease in inventories281(1,368)266
- (Increase)/decrease in current receivables1(683)(2,544)721
- Increase/(decrease) in current payables1(484)2,040(2,552)
(Increase)/decrease in working capital2(886)(1,872)(1,565)
Cash flow from operating activities excluding working capital movements210,3139,14711,073
  1. See Note 7 "Change in presentation of Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows".
  2. As previously published, working capital increased by $1,121 million in the fourth quarter 2017, and by $1,828 million in the first quarter 2017. Cash flow from operating activities excluding working capital movements, as previously published, was $8,396 million in the fourth quarter 2017, and $11,336 million in the first quarter 2017.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT

All amounts shown throughout this announcement are unaudited. All peak production figures in Portfolio Developments are quoted at 100% expected production.

The companies in which Royal Dutch Shell plc directly and indirectly owns investments are separate legal entities. In this announcement "Shell", "Shell group" and "Royal Dutch Shell" are sometimes used for convenience where references are made to Royal Dutch Shell plc and its subsidiaries in general. Likewise, the words "we", "us" and "our" are also used to refer to Royal Dutch Shell plc and subsidiaries in general or to those who work for them. These terms are also used where no useful purpose is served by identifying the particular entity or entities. ''Subsidiaries'', "Shell subsidiaries" and "Shell companies" as used in this announcement refer to entities over which Royal Dutch Shell plc either directly or indirectly has control. Entities and unincorporated arrangements over which Shell has joint control are generally referred to as "joint ventures" and "joint operations", respectively. Entities over which Shell has significant influence but neither control nor joint control are referred to as "associates". The term "Shell interest" is used for convenience to indicate the direct and/or indirect ownership interest held by Shell in an entity or unincorporated joint arrangement, after exclusion of all third-party interest.

This announcement contains forward-looking statements (within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) concerning the financial condition, results of operations and businesses of Royal Dutch Shell. All statements other than statements of historical fact are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are statements of future expectations that are based on management's current expectations and assumptions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, performance or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied in these statements. Forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements concerning the potential exposure of Royal Dutch Shell to market risks and statements expressing management's expectations, beliefs, estimates, forecasts, projections and assumptions. These forward-looking statements are identified by their use of terms and phrases such as "aim", "ambition", ''anticipate'', ''believe'', ''could'', ''estimate'', ''expect'', ''goals'', ''intend'', ''may'', ''objectives'', ''outlook'', ''plan'', ''probably'', ''project'', ''risks'', "schedule", ''seek'', ''should'', ''target'', ''will'' and similar terms and phrases. There are a number of factors that could affect the future operations of Royal Dutch Shell and could cause those results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements included in this announcement, including (without limitation): (a) price fluctuations in crude oil and natural gas; (b) changes in demand for Shell's products; (c) currency fluctuations; (d) drilling and production results; (e) reserves estimates; (f) loss of market share and industry competition; (g) environmental and physical risks; (h) risks associated with the identification of suitable potential acquisition properties and targets, and successful negotiation and completion of such transactions; (i) the risk of doing business in developing countries and countries subject to international sanctions; (j) legislative, fiscal and regulatory developments including regulatory measures addressing climate change; (k) economic and financial market conditions in various countries and regions; (l) political risks, including the risks of expropriation and renegotiation of the terms of contracts with governmental entities, delays or advancements in the approval of projects and delays in the reimbursement for shared costs; and (m) changes in trading conditions. No assurance is provided that future dividend payments will match or exceed previous dividend payments. All forward-looking statements contained in this announcement are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. Readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Additional risk factors that may affect future results are contained in Royal Dutch Shell's Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2017 (available at www.shell.com/investor and www.sec.gov). These risk factors also expressly qualify all forward-looking statements contained in this announcement and should be considered by the reader. Each forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of this announcement, April 26, 2018. Neither Royal Dutch Shell plc nor any of its subsidiaries undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or other information. In light of these risks, results could differ materially from those stated, implied or inferred from the forward-looking statements contained in this announcement.

This Report contains references to Shell's website. These references are for the readers' convenience only. Shell is not incorporating by reference any information posted on www.shell.com.

We may have used certain terms, such as resources, in this announcement that the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) strictly prohibits us from including in our filings with the SEC. U.S. Investors are urged to consider closely the disclosure in our Form 20-F, File No 1-32575, available on the SEC website www.sec.gov.

This announcement contains inside information.

April 26, 2018

The information in this Report reflects the unaudited consolidated financial position and results of Royal Dutch Shell plc. Company No. 4366849, Registered Office: Shell Centre, London, SE1 7NA, England, UK.

Contacts:

- Linda Szymanski, Company Secretary

- Investor Relations: International + 31 (0) 70 377 4540; North America +1 832 337 2034

- Media: International +44 (0) 207 934 5550; USA +1 832 337 4355

LEI number of Royal Dutch Shell plc: 21380068P1DRHMJ8KU70

Classification: Inside Information

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