EAST HANOVER, N.J., Sept. 13 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- New data show that combination treatment with RAD001 (everolimus) and Sandostatin LAR(R) Depot (octreotide acetate for injectable suspension) and RAD001 given alone control tumor growth in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET), a rare and difficult-to-treat form of cancer.
These results, from the RADIANT-1 (RAD001 In Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors) study, were presented today at the 33rd European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress in Stockholm, Sweden.
In the trial, patients with pancreatic NET who became resistant to chemotherapy were given either daily RAD001 combined with monthly Sandostatin LAR Depot or daily RAD001 alone. The results showed that 82% of patients receiving combination therapy and 77% receiving monotherapy had tumors that either decreased in size or remained stable.
"Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors cause debilitating symptoms related to hormone production and typically claim the lives of patients within five years despite treatment with chemotherapy, which is the current standard of care," said James Yao, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. "Results from this trial show the promise of RAD001, with or without Sandostatin LAR Depot, to provide tumor shrinkage or stability and to extend time without disease progression in patients who currently have limited treatment options."
The study explores the potential of mTOR inhibition for patients with pancreatic NET by examining RAD001 alone or in combination with standard of care treatment, Sandostatin LAR Depot. RAD001 is a once-daily oral therapy that continuously inhibits the mTOR protein, a central regulator of cell division and tumor blood vessel growth.
"These findings begin to establish the role of RAD001 as a promising new option for patients with a rare and deadly form of cancer that historically has not responded well to any treatment," said David Epstein, President and CEO of Novartis Oncology. "The combination of RAD001 and Sandostatin LAR Depot may offer a novel treatment approach for disease and symptom control in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors who are resistant to chemotherapy."
Two Phase III trials investigating the use of RAD001 and Sandostatin LAR Depot are underway in patients with pancreatic NET and carcinoid tumors. The endpoints will be progression-free survival and overall survival.
RADIANT-1 results
RADIANT-1 is a Phase II international, multi-center, open label, stratified study of RAD001 in 160 patients with advanced pancreatic NET, who became resistant to prior treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy. In the monotherapy treatment group, 115 patients received RAD001 alone. In the combination treatment group, 45 patients whose tumors progressed during treatment with Sandostatin LAR Depot continued treatment with the addition of RAD001.
The primary endpoint of RADIANT-1 was objective response rate (complete response and partial response) in the monotherapy group. The secondary endpoints included response rate in the combination treatment group, as well as response duration, safety and tolerability, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival, changes in plasma chromogranin A and pharmacokinetics in both groups.
Monotherapy treatment group results
Clinical benefit (overall response rate plus stable disease rate) was seen in 77% of patients. The overall response rate for patients who received RAD001 alone was 8% (CI= 3.6-14.3). All confirmed responses were partial responses; there were no complete responses. In addition, 69% of patients experienced stable disease, 14% of patients experienced progressive disease and 10% of patients had an unknown response. Responses were maintained for a median of 10.6 months (8.3-N/A). Further, the results demonstrate PFS of 9.3 months. Median overall survival had not been reached at the time of data evaluation.
The most frequent adverse events in patients taking RAD001 alone were stomatitis (44%), rash (40%), diarrhea (37%), fatigue (29%), nausea (26%), vomiting (17%), asthenia (16%), anemia (12%) and weight decrease (11%).
Combination treatment group results
Clinical benefit (overall response rate plus stable disease rate) was seen in 82% of patients. The overall response rate for patients who received RAD001 in combination with Sandostatin LAR Depot was 4% (CI= 0.5-15.1). All confirmed responses were partial responses; there were no complete responses. The data show that 78% of patients experienced stable disease, 2% of patients experienced progressive disease and 16% of patients had an unknown response. Further, the results demonstrate PFS of 12.9 months. Median overall survival had not been reached at the time of data evaluation.
The most frequent adverse events in patients taking RAD001 with Sandostatin LAR Depot were stomatitis (49%), rash (40%), diarrhea (29%), fatigue (33%), nausea (33%), vomiting (13%), asthenia (11%), anemia (18%) and weight decrease (16%).
About NET
The term "neuroendocrine tumor" or "NET," as defined by the World Health Organization, refers to a diverse mixture of tumors that include pancreatic NET and carcinoid tumors. The development of NET is not completely understood. In some cases, NET can be part of inherited syndromes that affect the endocrine system. Since they are relatively rare among cancers, there is no routine screening. Like many other diseases, lifestyle factors, most notably smoking, may increase risk for NET.
Pancreatic NET are diagnosed in approximately five per million patient cases. Only 55% of people with pancreatic NET will survive for five years. Pancreatic NET are most commonly found in men and women between the ages of 40 and 60 years of age.
About RAD001
RAD001, an oral once daily inhibitor of mTOR, is an investigational drug being studied in multiple tumor types. The safety and efficacy profile of RAD001 has not yet been established in oncology and there is no guarantee that RAD001 will become commercially available for oncology indications. The active ingredient in RAD001 is everolimus, which is available in different dosage strengths under the trade name Certican(R) for the prevention of organ rejection in heart and kidney transplant recipients. Certican was first approved in the European Union in 2003.
RAD001 is being studied in two large Phase III studies in advanced NETs (pancreatic NET and carcinoid). In addition to pancreatic NET, RAD001 is being evaluated as a single agent or in combination with existing therapies in renal cell carcinoma, lymphoma, breast, gastric, lung and other cancers, as well as tuberous sclerosis.
About Sandostatin LAR Depot
Sandostatin LAR(R) Depot (octreotide acetate for injectable suspension) is a long-acting, injectable depot formulation of octreotide acetate, a somatostatin analogue that exerts similar pharmacologic effects on the human body as the natural hormone somatostatin. However, octreotide is even more potent than somatostatin at inhibiting growth hormone, glucagon and insulin. Based on these attributes, octreotide has been used to treat the diarrhea and flushing associated with carcinoid syndrome.
The active ingredient in Sandostatin LAR Depot, octreotide acetate, was approved in the United States in October 1988. In November 1998, the FDA approved the long-acting formulation of octreotide acetate which Novartis markets as Sandostatin LAR Depot. Through more than a decade, and 600,000 patient years of experience, Sandostatin LAR Depot has achieved a long-standing track record of sustained efficacy and a well-established safety profile.
Sandostatin LAR Depot important safety information
Adverse reactions identified in clinical studies include nausea, abdominal pain, gas, constipation, vomiting, pain on injection, high or low blood sugar levels and slow or irregular heart rate. Many patients developed gallstones, although few patients required treatment.
Disclaimer
The foregoing release contains forward-looking statements that can be identified by terminology such as "potential", "to confirm", "promise", "proposed", "promising", "may", "will", or similar expressions, or by express or implied discussions regarding potential marketing approvals for RAD001 or regarding potential future revenues from RAD001. You should not place undue reliance on these statements. Such forward-looking statements reflect the current views of the Company regarding future events, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results with RAD001 to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such statements. There can be no guarantee that RAD001 will be approved for sale in any market. Nor can there be any guarantee that RAD001 will achieve any particular levels of revenue in the future. In particular, management's expectations regarding RAD001 could be affected by, among other things, unexpected clinical trial results, including unexpected new clinical data and unexpected additional analysis of existing clinical data; unexpected regulatory actions or delays or government regulation generally; the company's ability to obtain or maintain patent or other proprietary intellectual property protection; competition in general; government, industry and general public pricing pressures; the impact that the foregoing factors could have on the values attributed to the Novartis Group's assets and liabilities as recorded in the Group's consolidated balance sheet, and other risks and factors referred to in Novartis AG's current Form 20-F on file with the US Securities and Exchange Commission. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, believed, estimated or expected. Novartis is providing the information in this press release as of this date and does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this press release as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
About Novartis
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation researches, develops, manufactures and markets leading innovative prescription drugs used to treat a number of diseases and conditions, including those in the cardiovascular, metabolic, cancer, organ transplantation, central nervous system, dermatological, GI and respiratory areas. The company's mission is to improve people's lives by pioneering novel healthcare solutions.
Located in East Hanover, New Jersey, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation is an affiliate of Novartis AG , which provides healthcare solutions that address the evolving needs of patients and societies. Focused solely on growth areas in healthcare, Novartis offers a diversified portfolio to best meet these needs: innovative medicines, cost-saving generic pharmaceuticals, preventive vaccines and diagnostic tools, and consumer health products. Novartis is the only company with leading positions in these areas. In 2007, the Group's continuing operations (excluding divestments in 2007) achieved net sales of USD 38.1 billion and net income of USD 6.5 billion. Approximately USD 6.4 billion was invested in R&D activities throughout the Group. Headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, Novartis Group companies employ approximately 98,000 full-time associates and operate in over 140 countries around the world. For more information, please visit http://www.novartis.com/.
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